Ecological Debt Repaid through Awareness and Commitment Essay Example for Free

Ecological Debt Repaid through Awargonness and Commitment EssayAt this sequence of technological advancements, where people are more(prenominal) likely inclined with the latest technical and industrial innovations, the well-nigh modern gadgets, the cyber world itself, the group believes that a common service message posted to social-networking sites, like Facebook, would finish up out with its millions of using uprs teen-agers, civilians, and people from all walks of life, who are still unaware of the impacts and dangers that humanity would face because of our ecological debt and neglect. outright that man is getting more engaged with a computerized and scientific world, the preservation of the earths inbred form is often situated at stake. For instance, land developers aim to civilize mountain and forested areas in view of larger residential communities, neglecting the extinction of species and the degradation of their habitats in that area. In the same way, roads and tu nnels are logged to provide efficient trips in woody regions, unaware of the affected species due to construction. It should be realized that in the context of global progress, biodiversity should not be sacrificed. Biodiversity is about making sense of the variation of life on earth, and its fundamental unit is the species.Why is there a must to conserve biodiversity? It is mainly because it affects mankind by all means. Outstandingly, biodiversity has an incontestable subsistence value. Remember that the species we use for our herbal medicinal needs, the plant and animal species that we eat, and the other species we use for our consumption, all contri moreoveres to biodiversitys value for human survival. Biodiversity also has an economic value the productive use it imposes into our market. In addition, it provides service value, like tourism benefits for a region where a certain specie isendemic. But almost importantly, biodiversity has to be conserved because of its intrinsic va lue.By the principle of Biocentrism All species are worth of moral consideration. human race have an obligation to protect them (Do or Die, 1999). We should be grateful for nature because it provides us our basic needs, water, food, air, stock-still which the greatest engineering cannot tantamount. All of us have an ecological debt we can never repay fully, but we could somehow pay its interest, that is by preserving biodiversity.There are two modes of payments In Situ and Ex Situ. In Situ is the caution of biodiversity in the wild, by allowing the species to hold back their aboriginal evolutionary interactions (Reid, 1989, para.1). The species are left to be free and to continue their way of survival without any human intervention. This is a general and efficient solution that is left to the hold of government officials or organizations for strict implementations. But as part of the human race, we should be aware of the globe of such law and support it whole-heartedly.Many of our local or indigenous fellowmen would still continue the hunt or harvesting of the endangered species due to lack of knowledge or opportunities thus, there should be careful promotion of In Situ throughout the nation. On the other hand, Ex Situ is the maintenance of wild or domesticated species in home gardens, orchards, aquaria, zoos, or laboratories. These sites provide home for viable populations of threatened species, also providing areas for research, educational and public awareness (Reid, 1989, para.1).Indeed, there are several solutions man could engage to if we really want to hinder more biodiversity losses. We could grow endemic plants in our region in our own backyards. Every time we go to a beach, we must remember not to take souvenir seashells or corals with us. We should refute groups that doactivities leading to biodiversity losses. Or join movements which promote awareness and commitment in saving the earths biodiversity.Spread the breeding of biodiversitys imp ortance. All of us can make a difference. The move should start today forwards we reap the wrath of natures revenge. Change does not happen overnight, neither does it occur one-time big-time. The take of our ecosystems does not depend only on politicians or environmentalists, simple steps should be made by simple citizens, like you.

Homeostatic Balances Essay Example for Free

Homeostatic Balances rise

Obesity in the UK Essay Example for Free

Obe sity in the UK EssayObesity levels in the Untied Kingdom select reached an all time high with unrivaled in every four adults suffering from fleshiness. Childhood obesity has also drastically step-upd with 25 percent of boys and 33 percent of girls aged between two and 19 years being sarcoid or obese. There is little sign of this upward trend in obesity stopping, and it will have a signifi firet impact on the state of the country. It will negatively affect the UKs economy and much importantly negatively affect the health of the UKs 63 million mint. With obesity becoming this prevalent in our society is it not time we address this issue? I think it is, and one of the best slipway in my opinion is to introduce a tax on fizzy drinks and fast fodder. This may sounds sort of drastic when first heard but consider the 5.1billion spent every year by the NHS to allot those with obesity link medical conditions. Now consider the 2535 branches of Burger King, McDonalds, KFC an d Pizza Hut located all somewhat Scotland and England, consider the number of products those branches sell and the amount of money that could be raised through taxes upon those products.That money could be spent on our NHS which is being crippled under the freight of budget cuts and the cost obesity is having sure enough isnt dish uping the load. These taxes could also deter many from the promise of quick, cheap food from these outlets and could send them in the worry of healthier options. The passports in favour of impose these food are quite reasonable, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as recommendation of taxes of twenty percent on sugary drinks for at least a year being confide forth.Other initiatives are already in place to help tackle the UKs weight problem such as the Change 4 Life initiative run by the NHS which offers free nutritional advice to those who loss it. The problem is though, that as much good as these schemes are doing they arent building well enough. The ob esity levels in this country are still rising and we take in more action to stop it.We need to have more firm eating schemes in place around the country in places such as schools, at the work place and even at hospitals. People need to understand the risks of throw out food and the major health effects it can have causing obesity, and with obesity comes a enormous array of other negativehealth effects which include heart disease, certain cancers, high phone line pressure, joint problems, psychological difficulties and diabetes.There have been other recommendations on ways to tackle obesity with ideas exchangeable banning the advertising of foods high in saturated fat, sugar and salt before 9pm, this can help with the problems of childhood obesity as children would be slight probably to have seen these advertisements meaning they were less similarly to be influenced by them.Another change that could drastically tip the scales towards healthier eating is giving local anaesth etic councils the power to limit the number of fast food outlets near schools and leisure centres limiting the availability of these types of food to young children. There are also plans for the government to spend 300 million on weight management programmes, that may sound like a large amount but it is remote less than the cost obesity is having on the pockets of the NHS.Taxation on tobacco products has already been proven to help tighten up the number of smoking related deaths and the amount of money collected in taxes from tobacco products in 2012 (12.1bn) far outweighs the cost smoking related illnesses have on the NHS annually (5bn) so surely the idea of taxing fatty and sugary foods is not too drastic. Especially when there are around 35,000 obesity related deaths each year.Other ways to tackle obesity have to do with activities rather than food. Along with the increase in junk food intake by people in the UK there has also been a large lack of exercise or sporting activity. Most people nowadays have jobs that imply sitting at a desk for long periods of the day, this combined with the fact that most people commute to work by car or bus rather than walking equals to a lot of sitting mass during the day. After work most people just want to relax and so often sit down on the sofa with a cup of tea and watch television rather than do something active.This problem is hard to tackle but if initiatives at the work place are introduced which include things like sporting clubs offered free by the workplace or other incentives to walk to work rather than mother this can serious help with the daily inactivity. The workplace can also help by removing peddle machines that make up out junk food and replace them with onethat give out a healthy snack.Finally one more thing the government can do to help with this problem is to pay the cost of healthy foods in shops. This will be useful as one of the main reasons people eat unhealthy food is because it is often ch eaper than most healthier products. If the healthier products are cheaper than other choices and then people are more likely to eat healthily.Or instead of subsidising the food the government could give out food vouchers to those struggling for money to give them discounts on the healthier products in shops. This combined with tax on the fattier foods can completely change the perception of healthy food in this country and we can begin on the road to eradicating the problem of obesity in the UK.By Rajan Gill 11E

Humanitarian Intervention Essay Example for Free

human-centered Intervention EssayThe get together Nations is an international administration that fights for world love-in-idleness, and strives to control international law, international security, stinting development, social progress, and human rights. In the united Nations preamble, it states the organization is determined to hold on deliver the goods generations from the scourge of war and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. However, the U.N. can buoy often be ineffective and it has been an ongoing debate between the worlds leaders whether or not intervention is justified when brute(prenominal) acts are committed in foreign lands. Too to a greater extent human beings have been victims of violence, rape and/or other crimes on the U.N.s watch all because the organization is not authorized to forcefully interact in another country. The unite Nations Security Council is responsible for preserving peace between nations and even within nations, and when a nation is committing atrocious acts against its citizens, the U.N. and other nations should have the right to intervene militarily to end those abuses.Just as if a teenager would take on the responsibilities of providing a syndicate and food for themselves when they move out, a country assumes the responsibility of taking care of its citizens when it becomes independent. When a country proves to the out of doors world it is not cap fitting of controlling its citizens and maintaining a halcyon nation, blue helmeted U.N. troops whitethorn invade these unstable regions. It would be inhumane for the U.N., any country, or any human to witness a population suffering and not try to interfere in some elan. To look the other way would be immoral and an inhumane act of itself. When trying to obtain peace in foreign countries, peaceful negotiations are not always successful and other means are necessary. In the past, the U.N. has not been able to aid suffering po pulations militarily and has failed to entertain the citizens from brutish crimes. In a survey taken by the U.N. in 2007, which covered a total of 14 countries, plus the Palestinian Territories, it found that solid majorities in each of 12 national pools believe that the U.N.Security Council should have the right to authorize the use of multitude force to protect loose state from genocide and other massive abuses, even against the will of their declare government (Lobe). Even with the support of the majority of world, the U.N. still does not have the authority to forcefully protect innocent people from cruelty. When tens of thousands of people were being killed in Darfur, and Rwanda, it was the U.N.s responsibility to step in and yet the lives of those living in a country at an unfortunate time. However, by following their rules of procedure, the U.N. troops were not allowed to use force unless fired upon. Since 2003, tens of thousands of people have being killed and over one million people displaced in Darfur and in 1994, Hutus killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsis in Rwanda (Spectators to Genocide). As a result of the massacre in Rwanda, there are more than one million orphans (Rust).But when the blue helmeted troops entered the Rwandan chaos, there was not much they could do to stop the genocides that were taking place right before their eyes. It took the United Nations three years after the United States declared the events taking place in Darfur as genocide to interfere, and even still the U.N. has done zero beneficial to help those suffering in Darfur. Unable to seize weapons, the blue helmets stand by powerless. Had the United Nations involved itself earlier in Rwanda and Darfur and at full force, millions of peoples lives could have been saved or bettered. If the U.N. involved itself militarily, it is possible that the U.N. may have a few casualties, only the United States Army has bemused a good number of soldiers over the years while fighting for causes they believe in. Sometimes sacrifices learn to be made, and if a few members of the U.N. were lost in trend to protect the lives of thousands of people and potentially save a population, it would be an admirable sacrifice.It should be the worlds responsibility to defend civilians when its government is illegal of neglecting to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity (Reeves). Had the United Nations acted quicker when the Hutus began killing the Tutsis, and put an end to the vicious attacks that took place during those days, future genocides could have possibly been prevented. Instead, the word genocide can be heard more frequently and little is being done to stop that. Thousands of lives could have been saved or altered had the United Nations been able to step in and militarily defend the helpless populations of Rwanda and Darfur. Justification of humanitarian intervention is all-important(a) in order to prot ect the lives and rights of those suffering from genocide.The U.N. should want a reputation of not allowing genocides to take place, but instead the organization is being criticized for the lack of effort and aid being lent to those countries in need. everywhere the years, too many lives have been lost or damaged due to genocide and other inhumane acts. Humanitarian intervention needs to be allowed when a country is not protecting its citizens, in effort to save the lives of populations. The United Nations ineffectiveness in the past should be enough of a reason for wherefore humanitarian intervention should be justified. It is imperative that the United Nations be entitled to militarily involve itself when innocent lives are in danger.Works CitedCharter of the United Nations Preamble. Welcome to the United Nations Its Your World. Web. 03 Nov. 2010. .Jim Lobe. U.N. POLL SHOWS BROAD maintain FOR U.N. ACTION AGAINST GENOCIDE. Global Information Network 6 April 2007 Research Librar y, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Reeves, E. Failure to Protect worldwide Response to Darfur Genocide. Harvard International Review 29.4 (2008) 84-85. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010. Rust, Selina. RWANDA REMEMBERING THE UNFORGETTABLE. Global Information Network 9 April 2010 Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. Spectators to Genocide. Wall Street Journal 2 Aug. 2007, Eastern edition National report Abstracts (3), ProQuest. Web. 3 Nov. 2010.

Communication Opinion Essay Example for Free

Communication Opinion EssayEffective communication plays a significant role in providing congruous c ar for patient ofs. consort to Cheesebro, OConnor, and Rios (2010) Communication is sometimes define as the movement of sending and receiving messages (para. 14). For the communication to be effective both the sender, and the recipient role must interpret the message. The way singulars return is altered according to their audience or environment. For example if an instructor is communicating through with(predicate) small talk his or her tone and vocabulary would differ from communicating through informational talk. The same goes for when an individual communicates with children or adults. Even though the tone and style of communication whitethorn be altered to pass away the audience, the process of communication has to stay the same to be effective. Effective communication allows wellness fretting professionals to fool trust in a reluctant consumer and handle cultura l differences among patients. The four prefatory elements of the communication process include a sender, message, receiver, and feedback. In effective communication the sender constructs a message that is appropriate for the receiver(s).According to Haycock (2003) there are three elements called the 3Ts that the sender should consider when constructing an effective message. The 3Ts are tone, tools (computer, video, note, etc. ), and tactics. It is important to commend the message through before sending it to be sure it is as clear and concise as possible. In effective communication the receiver should be able to guess the message completely. The receiver may have to decode the message to gain full understanding. If he or she still does not understand the message, the receiver should use feedback to ask the sender for clarification.Feedback is an important part of effective communication because the sender learns if the receiver understood the message or not. If the receiver did n ot understand the message feedback allows the sender the opportunity to square away the message. In short, feedback is the primary means of increasing personal awareness and establishing a officed understanding. You should give and watch as much feedback as possible (Cheesebro, et. al. , 2010, para. 23). Health care communication encompasses the four basic elements of communication. However, the basic rules of wellness care communication are a little more complex.According to du Pre (2005) People are actively involved in health communication. They are not passive recipients of information (pg. 9). Providers specifically focusing on the tone and innovation of the message to ensure patients satisfaction. The ultimate goal in health care communication is to develop and maintain a shared understanding between health care professionals and patients. Physicians may use the biomedical or biopsychosocial model when communicating with patients. With the biomedical model, physicians use short and to-the-point questions or statements.This limits the patient input, which can cause the patient to feel dissatisfied with the care or diagnosis. The advantage of using the biomedical model is that it will save time. Although the biopsychosocial model does not save time, it is more effective when communicating in the health care setting because it focuses more on patients feelings. This reduces the risk of malpractice lawsuits, therefore relieve money in the end. Whether health care professionals use the biomedical or biopsychosocial model, they will still control reluctant consumers.A provider may encourage a reluctant consumer to communicate candidly by validating the patients concerns, uphold complete honesty, and share plenty of ideas or information. When a consumer is reluctant, he or she can have a bad attitude and less willingness to listen. To encourage the reluctant consumer to communicate candidly it is extremely important that the provider maintains patience y et remain slightly persistent. The tone and presentation delivered by the provider makes a significant difference when persuading consumers to communicate openly.A patient may be reluctant to share open communication with a provider because of cultural differences. Some individuals feel extremely strong about their cultural beliefs, which can make it difficult for physicians to discuss cultural differences with patients. Providers generally share the same main goal, which is to help improve patients health. When the patients cultural beliefs go against certain tests and treatments it can sometimes prevent providers from doing reaching this goal.When providers cannot help improve patients health it an be very difficult. However, providers must respect patients wishes. To be effective, health communicators must be concerned luxuriant to pay close attention to peoples behavior and knowledgeable enough to recognize cultural and personal preferences that make people different (du Pre, 2 005, pg. 8). Barriers can arise in health care because of reluctant consumers or patients with strong cultural beliefs. Effective communication through the sender, message, receiver, and feedback can maintenance in breaking down these barriers.Once patients and providers can break down barriers it permits more open discussions and proper health care. Communication, especially in health care should be thought out, sensitive to feeling, clear, concise, and appropriate. According to du Pre (2005) Communication, then, is an on-going process of sharing and creating meaning. The challenge is not merely to put thoughts into words, but to cooperate with others in developing a shared understanding of what is happening and what it means (pg. 10).

The Integration of Ole Miss Essay Example for Free

The consolidation of Ole drop evidenceJames Merediths successful campaign to gain admission to the University of manuscript, Ole Miss, and desegregate education in the state most resistant to integration of educational institutions has become a crucial epitome in the civil rights movement. The integration of Ole Miss altered Mississippis politics and contri only ifed to a cultural gaffe in the region, as well as rejuvenated local civil rights activists and those in neighboring states.The historic opposite among James Meredith and the University of Mississippi gives perspective on the category of African-Americans in the U. S. civilization during the 20th century prison-breaking down the multi-layered notions of the combat of Ole Miss gives insight on the social and political forces that identified and cooperated with the Civil Rights action of the 1950s and 1960s. On September 30, 1962, riots evolved on the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford where residents , perspective students, and committed separationismists joined to fend the enrollment and placement of James Meredith, African-American Air Force veteran attempting to integrate the all- etiolated school.Despite the front end of more than 120 federal marshals who were on site to protect Meredith from danger, the crowd turned rampageous after nightfall, and authorities struggled to maintain order. Once the disappeared the next morning, two citizens were dead and an abundant follow were reportedly injured. For Meredith, this was a step into the door for a process that began no more than two historic period earlier when he challenged the school, suspecting that he was denied enrollment on the background of ethnicity.However, a lower court partnered with the University of Mississippi, the U. S. flirt of Appeals for the 5th Circuit established a decision in June 1962 which ordered the school to accept Meredith in the fall of 1962, ensuring an enormous conflict between the federal goernment and Mississippis state government anti-integration. After pass the night of September 30 with federal protection, Meredith was permitted to register for courses the morning after, and then became the first African-American to refine from Ole Miss in August 1963.During this time period there were several events occurring that were related to the Civil Rights lawsuit. For example, years prior, in 1955-1957 the Montgomery Bus Boycott took place. With this bus ostracize Rosa Park ignites a 381-day boycott organized by Martin Luther King Jr. The Freedom Riders of 1961 who opposed to sequestration took buses to the South to protest the segregation of bus stations many were greeted with riots and beatings by segregationist. The Letter from the Birmingham Jail was another major event end-to-end this time of the Civil Rights Movement.Dr. King wrote this letter in response to Caucasian ministers who urged him to stop causing disturbances and articulates his peaceable movemen t/resistance to wrongs of American society. Lastly, the murder of Medgar Evers (head of Mississippi NAACP), who was shot outside of his home on the submit night that President Kennedy addressed the nation on the notion of race. These key events related to the Integration of Ole Miss significantly because each event desired to integrate and with nonviolence.The civil rights movement, which increased in size during WWII because of the NAACPs membership growing from 50,000 to 500,000 obtained momentum in 1954 with the Supreme Court Case of Brown v. Board of Education. The leave of this case was the Court ruling that segregation of schools was deemed unconstitutional. By 1956 Kentucky, Oklahoma, Missouri, Maryland and Delaware had progressed to desegregate their schools, but for Southern Caucasians bloodless supremacy was intensely set in cultural morals and social conferences, integration was not a choice. some(prenominal) white supremacists referenced anti-integration as the Second Reconstruction. This would give whites an extra opportunity to control African-Americans. In Mississippi officials reacted with a design to balance schools, the government produced the State Sovereignty Commission, which protected the sovereignty of Mississippi and enforce racial segregation in the public eye. Politics were an unjust ideology during the 20th century. Many African-Americans gave up on the government being on their side to gain equal rights and justice.However, there were grown political figures throughout the Civil Rights Movement who assisted African-Americans in gaining bits of equality. Attorney General, Robert F. Kennedy stated it is fundamental in our system that there be respect for the law and compliance with all the laws not just those which we go by to agree. The course which Governor Barnett is following is, therefore, incompatible with the principles upon which the Union is based. James Meredith was escorted onto and off campus by the National Guard, b ut that was not enough.Robert and John Kennedy both made historical speeches in order to grant equality and security measures to the African-American civilization. On the contrary, Governor Barnett upheld his beliefs as a white supremacist and aimed so deeply to maintain segregation in the state of Mississippi. Barnett broadcasted through television and radio on September 13, 1962 to express his profound ideas of white domination. He states I pack made my position in this matter crystal clear. I have said in every(prenominal) county in Mississippi that no school in our state pass on be integrated while I am your Governor.I shall do everything in my power to keep open integration in our schools. I assure you that the schools will not be closed(a) if this can peradventure be avoided, but they will not be integrated if I can prevent it. As your Governor and Chief Executive of the sovereign State of Mississippi, I now call on every public official and every private citizen of our great state to join me. It is disturbing to know that a leader of a Union would work so immensely to disagree with everything the union stands for. Governor Barnett was involuntary to go against the political ideologies of the Constitution in order to maintain segregation in the Mississippi.In conclusion, The Integration of Ole Miss is sadly more celebrated than remembered. The University of Mississippi hung signs that read Opening the Closed Society and 50 Years of Courage, but forget that before the state could celebrate integration they enforced over 100 years of segregation. Its almost if the university is celebrating emancipation without tackling its sin first. In order for future generations to understand what the closed society was like we must break down the true notions of the social and political forces that cooperated with the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s.

Earthquake Preparedness of Staff Nurses Research Proposal

temblor formulation of Staff Nurses Research ProposalA instruct TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INFORMATION BOOKLET ON EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS IN TERMS OF fellowship AND PRACTICE OF STAFF NURSES WORKING IN SELECTED COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS OF GUJARAT STATEINVESTIGATORBhavisha R. PatelABSTRACT fortuity has been Mankinds constant though inconvenient companion since time immemorial. The fury of nature good deal be as disastrously beautiful as the gifts of nature received gratis. indwelling adventure continues to expunge unabated and without notice and is perceived to be on the increase in their magnitude complexity, frequency and sparing impact. India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, quakes and landslides prepare been recurrent phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is given up to earthquakes of various intensities over 40 million hectares is prone to floods about 8% of the perfect study is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. The main objective of the field of view was assessing the acquaintance and implement of the Staff Nurses before and later on the governing of an discipline cusp on seism cooking in the selected Community wellness optic of Gujarat state. The conceptual frame work is based on System opening model. Materials Method used for the study was after(prenominal) a preliminary study on temblor Preparedness of Staff Nurses conducted at Adalaj CHC, a pre- state of affairs interventional study was performed on 8 CHCs of Gujarat State. Four districts of Gujarat state i.e. Ahmedabd, Gandhinagar, Panchamahal and Bharuch were selected at random. Each CHCs of selected districts were randomly selected. While sample selection was make by Lottery Method. One sort out pre fleck fancy used for the study Data line of battle includes personal data, companionship of earthquake Preparedness of staff lactate s with friend of structured cognition questionnaires, Practice of Earthquake Preparedness of staff defends with help of structured observation proof list. An randomness booklet was introduced in equipment casualty of acquaintance and Practice performing by Staff Nurses on Earthquake Preparedness. Reliability of the tool was confirmed by Pearson canvas and validity was done from experts of different health department. Results of or Forty staff take holds were included from Eight CHCs of Gujarat state. For the experience it is reveals the comparison amid pre- screen out and spot-test knowledge come to obtained by the Samples on Earthquake Preparedness. The correspond pre test stigmatise is 15.82 and the sozzled post test make up is 29.75. The Standard Deviation of pre test knowledge score is 2.77 and that of the post test is 1.84. The calculatedt is 13.92 and the tabulated is 1.68 at 0.05 level of significance. For practice of the samples it is reveals the comparison mingled with pre-test and post-test practice score obtained by the Samples on Earthquake Preparedness. The incriminate pre test score is 35.47 and the mean post test score is 48.025. The calculatedt is 21.37 and the tabulated is 1.68 at 0.05 level of significance There was significant difference between pretest mean score and posttest mean score for knowledge and practice of samples regarding Earthquake Preparedness of Staff Nurses. aft(prenominal) administration of an Information folder, there was improvement in samples Knowledge and Practice. So it was concluded that An Information pamphlet on Earthquake Preparedness increased the knowledge and practice of staff nurses working in selected CHCs of Gujarat State.IntroductionHospitals Safe from Disasters Reduce Risk, Protect Health Facilities, write Lives, (World Health Day).Disaster caused by natures fury is not uncommon in this orbiter, earth. In fact, scientists believe that the birth of this planet, earth was the result of an explosion that occurred in the solar system, from time immemorial this planet has witnessed numerous natural disasters. In the past, man used to view this natural disaster as the ACTS OF idol Gradually science opened the doors of knowledge and enabled man to understand the mysteries of nature. On January 26, 2001 Gujarat was rocked by a fiery earthquake. Thousands of people died and there was want of about 400 crore rupees to the nation. It was one of the severest earthquakes to have hit the country. In served to highlighting the gaping holes in the nations disaster management ability. This devastating incident made the tec take up the present study.Nurses in all location lead be on the foregoing line as caregivers and managers in the event of a damaging, disaster. Having read the views of various authors the investigator is able to foresee that disaster situations are very different from routine nursing care situation. Nurses need to have competent knowledge and trai ning to work in such a unique, chaotic, stressful situation and to identify and hurt the complex, multi various health needs of victims of disaster.India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been recurrent phenomena. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities over 40 million hectares is prone to floods about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. In the disco biscuit 1990-2000, an average of about 4344 people lost their lives and about 30 million people were affected by disasters every year. The loss in terms of private, community and public assets has been astronomical. At theglobal level, there has been coarse concern over natural disasters. Even as substantial scientific and material progress is made, the loss of lives and property due to disasters has not decreased. In fa ct, The human toll and economic losses have mounted. It was in this back underfur that the United Nations General Assembly, in 1989, declared the decade 1990- 2000 as the International regretsade for Natural Disaster Reduction with the objective to reduce loss of lives and property and restrict socio-economic damage through cooperative international action, especially in developing countries.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY1. To assess the knowledge of the Staff Nurses before and after the administration of an Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness in the selected Community health centre of Gujarat state.2. To assess the practice of the Staff Nurses before and after the administration of Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness in the selected Community health centre of Gujarat state.HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDYH1 The mean post test knowledge scores of the Staff Nurses after the administration of an Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness impart be significantly higher tha n their mean pre test Knowledge scores as evident from the incorporate KnowledgeQuestionnaire at .05 levels.H2 The mean post test practice scores of the Staff Nurses after the presidential term of an Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness will be significantly higher than their mean pre test practice scores as evident from the structured observational Checklist at .05 levels.OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS intensity level it refers to the power of the information booklet to bring about changes in knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding earthquake cooking.Informational Booklet A handy written material, which will enhance the knowledge of staff nurses regarding earthquake readying improve practice of the staff nurse.Earth Quake A sudden violent shaking of the ground as a result of movement within the earths crust.Preparedness- is concerned with foretelling and working, education and training of population, organization for and management of disaster including prepara tion of operational plan, training of relief groups, ensuring becoming supplies of necessary funds.Knowledge It is the ability of staff nurses to respond to a structured knowledge questionnaire regarding earthquake preparedness resulting as evident from knowledge score.Practice It refers to the abilities of the staff nurse to guide and provide care to the earthquake preparedness with the use of informational booklet. At Evidence by Structured Observational Check List.Staff nurse staff nurse (male and female) who are working in community health heart.Community health center In this study CHC refers to community health center covering a population of 80,000 to 1.20 lake with 30 beds and specialist in surgery, medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics with X-ray and laboratory facilities.DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY-The study is delimited to Staff nurse of selected CHC of Gujarat state accessible during the data collection will be selected for the sample.The study is d elimited to Staff nurse who are willing to participate in the study.The study is delimited to the CHC of selected district of Gujarat State only.The study is delimited to the 40 staff nurses only.RESEARCH DESIGNResearch design selected for the present study was one group pre test post test design. The investigator had developed structured Knowledge Questionnaire and Structured Observational Checklist for military rating of pre test and post test.RESEARCH SETTING-The present study was conducted in the selected Community Health join of Gujarat State. Investigator was divided Gujarat state in five regions (north, east, and west, south and central) and from that investigator will select any four districts by lottery method). From each district by lottery method investigator will select two Community Health Center.ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONMaterials Method used for the study was after a preliminary study on Earthquake Preparedness of Staff Nurses conducted at Adalaj CHC, a pre-post int erventional study was performed on 8 CHCs of Gujarat State.. Four districts of Gujarat state i.e. Ahmedabd, Gandhinagar, Panchamahal and Bharuch were selected randomly. Each CHCs of selected districts were randomly selected. While sample selection was done by Lottery Method. One group pre post design used for the study Data collection includes personal data, knowledge of Earthquake Preparedness of staff nurses with help of structured knowledge questionnaires, Practice of Earthquake Preparedness of staff nurses with help of structured observation check list. An Information Booklet was introduced in terms of knowledge and Practice performing by Staff Nurses on Earthquake Preparedness. The main area of knowledge and Practice include Introduction of Earthquake, Types and Phases of Disaster, Earthquake Preparedness and Care of Victim. Reliability of the tool was confirmed by Pearson test and validity was done from experts of different health department. Results for Forty staff nurses we re included from Eight CHCs of Gujarat state. For the knowledge it is reveals the comparison between pre-test and post-test knowledge score obtained by the Samples on Earthquake Preparedness. The mean pre test score is 15.82 and the mean post test score is 29.75. The table also shows that the Standard Deviation of pre test knowledge score is 2.77 and that of the post test is 1.84. The calculatedt is 13.92 and the tabulated is 1.68 at 0.05 level of significance. For practice of the samples it is reveals the comparison between pre-test and post-test practice score obtained by the Samples on Earthquake Preparedness. The mean pre test score is 35.47 and the mean post test score is 48.025. The table also shows that the Standard Deviation of pre test practice score is 3.17 and that of the post test is 2.03. The calculatedt is 21.37 and the tabulated is 1.68 at 0.05 level of significanceThere was significant difference between pretest mean score and posttest mean score for knowledge and pr actice of samples regarding Earthquake Preparedness of Staff Nurses. After administration of an Information Booklet, there was improvement in samples Knowledge and Practice. So it was concluded that An Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness increased the knowledge and practice of staff nursesworking in selected CHCs of Gujarat State.CONCLUSIONSThe quest conclusions can be drawn from the study findings. For personal data investigator concluded the results and it is revealed that 18(45%) of the samples are in the age group of 31-40 years, 37(92.5%) are female, 40(100%) has not attend training regarding Disaster Management, 35(87.5%) have the professional power of GNM and 17(42.5%) have 6-10 years clinical experience and 39(97.5%) have not any experience link up Earthquake Management. From knowledge questionnaire it is revealed that the mean difference in the area related to the Introduction of Earthquake is 3.30, in area related to Earthquake Types and Phases is 1.82, in ar ea related to Earthquake Preparedness 5.42 and while area related to Care of Victim is 3.37. Samples have gained more knowledge in the area related to Earthquake Preparedness and Care of Victim. Obtained mean difference in all area of knowledge the calculatedt is great than tabulatedt (1.68) and so the investigator concluded that there is significant increase in the mean post test knowledge score as compared to the mean pre test knowledge score after the administration of an Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness which is statistically proved and so the null scheme Ho1 is jilted and research hypothesis H1 is accepted.. Mean post test knowledge score is higher than mean pre test knowledge score with the mean difference of 13.92 which is statistically proved that the Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness is effective in terms of knowledge among the samples. The calculatedt (13.92) is significantly greater than the tabulated t(1.68) so there is significant increase in the knowledge of samples after the administration of the Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness.For The Observational Checklist It is is revealed that the mean difference in the area related to the administration of infrastructure and equipments is 6.25, in area related to Preparation of Emergency kit articles is 2.025, in area related to Communication quick-wittedness 3.75 and while area related to Round the clock inspection of medicine and relieve of equipment is 0.53. Samples have gained more practice in the area related to Arrangement of infrastructure and equipments and Communication Facility .Obtained mean difference in all area of practice the calculated t is greater than tabulated t(1.68) and so the investigator concluded that there is significant increase in the mean post test practice score as compared to the mean pre test practice score after the administration of an Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness which is statistically proved and so the null hypothesis Ho2 is rejected and research hypothesis H2 is accepted. Mean post test practice score is higher than mean pre test practice score with the mean difference of 12.55 which is statistically proved that the Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness is effective in terms of practice among the samples. The calculatedt (21.37) is significantly greater than the tabulated t(1.68) so there is significant increase in the practice of samples after the administration of the Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness. From all the above mentioned findings, it can be concluded that the administration of an Information Booklet was definite increase in both Knowledge and Practice of Staff Nurses. This clearly indicates that an Information Booklet on Earthquake Preparedness was effective in improving the Knowledge and Practice of the Samples.BIBLIOGRAPHY-NEWSPAPERSCoping with Calamities. The clock of India, 31st January,2001.Courses on Disaster Management Need Upgrading. The qu antify of India, 18th January, 2002.Networking Relief and Rehabilitation. The Times of India, 30th January, 2001.Press for Quack-Resistance Building Norms The Times of India, 31st January, 2001.JOURNALESAnne G.H. Coping with Disaster. American Journal of Nursing. 1980 Dec 80(4) 683.Berglin SL. 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